IMMUNE SYSTEM- FORTIFY YOUR BODY’S ARMOR

November 7, 2023 Adeyinka Esther

The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against harmful pathogens, such as Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, and Parasites. Its primary function is to identify and eliminate these foreign substances, while also distinguishing them from the body’s own healthy cells and tissues. Overall, this system is a remarkable defence mechanism that protects the body from a wide range of harmful invaders. It involves intricate interactions between various cells, signalling molecules, and organs, all working together to maintain the body’s health and well-being.

The Components of Immune System are two:

Innate Immune System: This is the first line of defence and provides immediate, nonspecific protection against a wide range of pathogens. It includes physical barriers like the skin and mucous membranes, as well as various cellular and molecular components. This innate system responds rapidly to infection or injury, triggering inflammation and activating immune cells to engulf and destroy pathogens. It does not have memory, meaning it provides the same response to a pathogen upon subsequent exposures.

Adaptive Immune System: The adaptive immune system is a highly specialized defense mechanism that recognizes specific pathogens and mounts a targeted response. It takes longer to activate than the innate immune system but provides long-term protection and immunological memory. The adaptive immune system as two components too, which are:

B Cells: In order to label certain infections for eradication by other immune cells, these cells create antibodies, which are proteins that bind to those pathogens. The humoral immune response, which predominantly targets pathogens circulating in bodily fluids, is carried out by B cells..

T Cells: T cells are able to destroy infected cells directly (cytotoxic T cells), control the immune response (helper T cells), and reduce overactive immunological responses (regulatory T cells). The cell-mediated immune response, which predominantly targets infected cells, is carried out by T cells. The capacity to identify and retain particular infections is essential for the adaptive immune system. Antigen-presenting cells are specialized cells that catch and deliver bits of pathogens to T cells when the body comes into contact with them for the first time.

response, leading to the production of pathogen-specific B and T cells. Some of these cells become memory cells, which remain in the body after the infection is cleared. If the same pathogen is encountered again, this system can mount a faster and more efficient response due to the presence of these memory cells

How to Strengthen Your Immune System

Stay Hydrated: Drink an adequate amount of water throughout the day to keep your body hydrated. Water helps flush out toxins and supports the proper functioning of your immune system.
Eat a Balanced Diet: Include a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats in your daily meals. Aim for a well-balanced diet that provides essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants to support your immune system.
Get Sufficient Sleep: Prioritize quality sleep as it plays a vital role in immune function. Aim for 7-9 hours of sleep each night to allow your body to repair and rejuvenate.
Regular Exercise: Engage in moderate-intensity exercise for at least 150 minutes per week. Exercise improves circulation, reduces stress, and enhances the immune system’s ability to fight off infections.
Manage Stress Levels: Chronic stress can weaken your immune system over time. Find healthy coping mechanisms like exercise, meditation, deep breathing exercises, or engaging in hobbies to manage stress effectively.
Maintain a Healthy Weight: Excess weight can strain the immune system and make you more susceptible to illnesses. Strive to maintain a healthy weight through a combination of balanced eating and regular physical activity.
Practice Good Hygiene: Wash your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially before meals and after using the restroom. Avoid touching your face, especially your eyes, nose, and mouth, to prevent the spread of germs.
Limit Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol intake can weaken your immune system. If you choose to drink, do so in moderation. For most adults, this means up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men.
Avoid Smoking and Limit Exposure to Second hand Smoke: Smoking damages the immune system and increases the risk of respiratory infections. If you smoke, consider quitting, and avoid exposure to second hand smoke.
Stay Up to Date with Vaccinations: Vaccines help protect against various infections and diseases. Follow the recommended vaccination schedule and consult with your healthcare provider about appropriate vaccines for you.
Practice Safe Habits: Take necessary precautions to avoid exposure to infections, such as practicing safe sex, using sunscreen to protect your skin from harmful UV rays, and taking appropriate measures to prevent foodborne illnesses.